Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal showing a markedly stronger nuclear NFIX staining of tumor than of stromal cells
Staining Pattern in Normal Tissues
Manual protocol
Freshly cut sections should be used (less than 10 days between cutting and staining). Heat-induced antigen retrieval for 5 minutes in an autoclave at 121°C in pH 7,8 Target Retrieval Solution buffer. Apply HMV329 at a dilution of 1:200 at 37°C for 60 minutes. Visualization of bound antibody by the EnVision Kit (Dako, Agilent) according to the manufacturer’s directions.
| Brain | Cerebrum | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of glial cells. Weak or absent staining in neurons. | |
| Cerebellum | Distinct nuclear NFIX staining of glial cells, moderate staining of granular cells, and lack of staining in Purkinje cells. | ||
| Endocrine tissues | Thyroid | Distinct nuclear NFIX staining of follicular cells. | |
| Parathyroid | Moderate nuclear NFIX staining of all epithelial cells. | ||
| Adrenal gland | Medulla with distinct nuclear NFIX staining of few interspersed stromal (sustentacular cells? endothelial?) cells while adrenal medullary cells remain NFIX negative. Weak to moderate staining of adrenocortical cells. | ||
| Pituitary gland | Distinct nuclear NFIX staining of all pituicytes in the neurohypophysis while only few (epithelial??) cells of the adenohypophysis show a distinct nuclear NFIX staining. | ||
| Respiratory system | Respiratory epithelium | Distinct nuclear NFIX staining of the cells of the respiratory epithelium, but the staining intensity decreases from the basal layer towards the more superficial cell layers. Strong nuclear NFIX staining of bronchial gland cells. | |
| Lung | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of all cell types (except macrophages). | ||
| Gastrointestinal tract | Salivary glands | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of epithelial cells from glands and excretory ducts. | |
| Esophagus | Distinct nuclear NFIX staining of all cells. Significant decrease of NFIX staining of squamous epithelium from the basal/suprabasal to the superficial cell layers. | ||
| Stomach | Moderate to strong nuclear NFIX staining of most epitheliall cells but few glandular cells do only show faint or even absent staining. | ||
| Duodenum | Nuclear NFIX staining is strong in Brunner glands, moderate in crypt bases and weak/faint or even absent in the surface epithelium. | ||
| Small intestine | Nuclear NFIX staining is moderate in crypt bases and weak/faint or even absent in the surface epithelium. | ||
| Appendix | Moderate to strong nuclear NFIX staining of epithelial cells. | ||
| Colon | Weak to moderate to strong nuclear NFIX staining of epithelial cells. Slight but significant decrease of NFIX staining intensity from the crypt base to the superficial epithelial cell layers. | ||
| Rectum | Weak to moderate to strong nuclear NFIX staining of epithelial cells. Slight but significant decrease of NFIX staining intensity from the crypt base to the superficial epithelial cell layers. | ||
| Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas | Liver | Nuclear NFIX staining is largely absent in hepatocytes. NFIX staining is seen in stromal cells. | |
| Gallbladder | Nuclear NFIX staining is weak to moderate in epithelial cells but stronger in stromal cells. | ||
| Pancreas | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of epithelial cells of excretory ducts and of intercalated ducts. NFIX staining is distinctively weaker and sometimes absent in acinar cells. | ||
| Genitourinary | Kidney | Nuclear NFIX staining is generally low in all epithelial cell types. Staining is variable ranging from absent to faint/weak. | |
| Urothelium | Distinct nuclear NFIX staining of urothelial cells but there is a significant decrease of NFIX staining intensity from the basal to the superficial cell layers. Umbrella cells are largely NFIX negative. | ||
| Male tissues | Prostate | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of stromal and of all epithelial cells. | |
| Seminal Vesicles | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of stromal and basal epithelial cells. NFIX staining is weak or absent in most luminal epithelial cells. | ||
| Testis | Distinct nuclear NFIX staining of intertubular cells (including Leydig cells). Complete absence of NFIX staining in tubular cells (Sertoli cells, germ cells). | ||
| Epididymis | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of epithelial cells in the cauda. In the caput, the NFIX staining is only faint or absent in chief cells but strong in basal cells. | ||
| Female tissues | Breast | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of a large subset of basal and luminal epithelial cells. | |
| Uterus, myometrium | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of smooth muscle cells. | ||
| Uterus, ectocervix | Distinct nuclear NFIX staining of squamous epithelial cells although there is a tendency towards a decreased staining intensity in the superficial cell layers. | ||
| Uterus, endocervix | Moderate nuclear NFIX staining of glandular cells. Strong nuclear NFIX staining of stromal cells. | ||
| Uterus, endometrium | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of stromal cells while endometrium cells remain NFIX negative. | ||
| Fallopian tube | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of all cells. | ||
| Ovary | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of stromal cells. Corpus luteum cells are NFIX negative. | ||
| Placenta early | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of stromal cells while trophoblast cells remain negative. | ||
| Placenta mature | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of stromal cells while trophoblast cells remain negative. | ||
| Amnion | Negative | ||
| Chorion | Negative | ||
| Skin | Epidermis | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of all squamous epithelial cells. | |
| Sebaceous glands | Weak to moderate nuclear NFIX staining of sebaceous gland cells. The staining intensity decreases towards the centre of the glands. | ||
| Muscle, connective & soft tissues | Heart muscle | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of all muscle cells. | |
| Skeletal muscle | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of all muscle cells. | ||
| Smooth muscle | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of all muscle cells. | ||
| Vessel walls | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of endothelial and muscle cells. | ||
| Fat | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of fat cells. | ||
| Stroma | Variable (often strong) nuclear NFIX staining of various types of stroma cells. | ||
| Endothelium | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of all endothelial cells. | ||
| Bone marrow & lymphoid tissues | Bone marrow | Strong nuclear NFIX staining of a rather small subset of cells (often arranged in groups). | |
| Lymph node | Distinct nuclear NFIX staining of stromal and endothelial cells. Lymphocytes are NFIX negative. | ||
| Spleen | Distinct nuclear NFIX staining of stromal and endothelial cells. Lymphocytes are NFIX negative. | ||
| Thymus | Lymphocytes are NFIX negative. Distinct nuclear NFIX staining of epithelial cells. Maturing squamous epithelial cells of corpuscles of Hassall’s do only stain weakly or remain negative. | ||
| Tonsil | Distinct nuclear NFIX staining of squamous epithelial cells although there is a tendency towards a decreased staining intensity in the superficial cell layers. Lymphocytes are largely negative. | ||
| Remarks | The majority of cell types show a variable, often strong nuclear NFIX staining. | ||
NFIX
(HMV329)
NFIX is a master transcription factor interacting with many other transcription factors and chromatin.
Details
More product details
More product details
Biology behind
Nuclear factor 1 X-type (NFIX) is a transcription factor protein which is coded by the NFIX gene on chromosome 19p13.13. Besides NFIA, NFIB, NFIC, NFIX is one out of four closely related members of the nuclear factor I (NFI) family of transcription factors. The family members share a particularly high rate of interactions with other transcription factors. They are therefore thought to not only directly regulate the expression of genes but also believed to modulate the function of other transcription factors. NFIX is known to play a role in muscle and central nervous system embryonic development. For example, NFIX has been shown to control the timing of neural differentiation promoting the ongoing growth of the hippocampus and proper memory function. The role of NFIX in other tissues is less intensively studied. Various types of NFIX alterations have been found in tumors. Mechanisms leading to both increased and reduced expression have been found to promote pro-tumorigenic functions, such as increased cell proliferation and migration and disturbed differentiation.
Protocol Recommendations
Protocol Recommendations
Potential Research Applications
Potential Research Applications
Evidence For Antibody Specificity In I H C
Evidence For Antibody Specificity In I H C
