Breast gland with strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. (Startbild)
Staining Pattern in Normal Tissues
Manual protocol
Freshly cut sections should be used (less than 10 days between cutting and staining). Heat-induced antigen retrieval for 5 minutes in an autoclave at 121°C in pH 7,8 Target Retrieval Solution buffer. Apply HMV328 at a dilution of 1:200 at 37°C for 60 minutes. Visualization of bound antibody by the EnVision Kit (Dako, Agilent) according to the manufacturer’s directions.
| Brain | Cerebrum | Distinct nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | |
| Cerebellum | Variable nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. The staining is strongest in Purkinje cells while it is rather weak in the granule cell layer. | ||
| Endocrine tissues | Thyroid | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | |
| Parathyroid | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Adrenal gland | Distinct nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Pituitary gland | Distinct nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Respiratory system | Respiratory epithelium | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | |
| Lung | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Gastrointestinal tract | Salivary glands | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | |
| Esophagus | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. Slight decrease of MRE11 staining of squamous epithelium from the basal/suprabasal to the superficial cell layers. | ||
| Stomach | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. A distinct cytoplasmic MRE11 staining of parietal cells represents a (tolerable) cross-reactivity. | ||
| Duodenum | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Small intestine | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Appendix | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Colon | Distinct nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. Slight but significant decrease of MRE11 staining from the crypt base to the superficial epithelial cell layers. | ||
| Rectum | Distinct nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. Slight but significant decrease of MRE11 staining from the crypt base to the superficial epithelial cell layers. | ||
| Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas | Liver | Nuclear MRE11 staining of most cells. Staining is clearly weakest in hepatocytes where it varies from negative to moderate. | |
| Gallbladder | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Pancreas | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Genitourinary | Kidney | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | |
| Urothelium | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Male tissues | Prostate | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | |
| Seminal Vesicles | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Testis | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. Additional cytoplasmic staining of one tubular cell type (Sertoli cells?). The staining intensity of germ cells decreases from spermatogonia to spermatids. | ||
| Epididymis | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Female tissues | Breast | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | |
| Uterus, myometrium | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Uterus, ectocervix | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Uterus, endocervix | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Uterus, endometrium | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Fallopian tube | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Ovary | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Placenta early | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. Some cytoplasmic staining of trophoblast cells does also occur. | ||
| Placenta mature | Nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. However, the nuclear staining is somewhat weaker in syncytiotrophoblast cells than in all other cell types. | ||
| Amnion | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Chorion | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Skin | Epidermis | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | |
| Sebaceous glands | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Muscle, connective & soft tissues | Heart muscle | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | |
| Skeletal muscle | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Smooth muscle | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. A weak to moderate cytoplasmic MRE11 staining occurs in some samples. | ||
| Vessel walls | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Fat | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Stroma | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Endothelium | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Bone marrow & lymphoid tissues | Bone marrow | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | |
| Lymph node | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Spleen | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Thymus | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. A few dispersed cells stand out because of a particularly strong nuclear MRE11 staining. | ||
| Tonsil | Strong nuclear MRE11 staining of all cells. | ||
| Remarks | The vast majority of cell types show a strong MRE11 staining in the nuclei. | ||
Details
More product details
More product details
Biology behind
Double-strand break repair protein MRE11 (also named MRE11A) is an 80,6 kDa (predominant isoform) protein coded by the MRE11 gene on chromosome 11q21. Together with RAD50 and NBS1, MRE11 forms the MRN complex which is a key element in DNA damage response (DDR) and possesses both single-stranded DNA endonuclease and 3′ to 5′ exonuclease activities. The MRN complex is an early sensor for locating double strand DNA breaks (DSBs) and plays a direct role in both DSB repair and the recruiting of DDR proteins and activation of their downstream signaling. It regulates repair of DNA double-strand breaks in several contexts, including replication, telomere homeostasis, meiosis, apoptosis and immune system development. The MRN complex is involved in multiple different pathways of DSBs repair, including homologous recombination (HR), non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and the (most error prone) pathway of microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ) repair. MRE11 is one of 6 enzymes required for MMEJ. MRE11 and the MRN complex are thought to play a key role in cancer radiosensitivity. MRE11 overexpressing cancers are generally considered to be more radioresistant and low-expressors are regarded as chemo-sensitive although this rule may not apply to all cancer types. Several MRE11 inhibitors are currently investigated in clinical trials as radiosensitizers.
Protocol Recommendations
Protocol Recommendations
Potential Research Applications
Potential Research Applications
Evidence For Antibody Specificity In I H C
Evidence For Antibody Specificity In I H C
