Adrenal gland with a strong cytoplasmic and membranous TH staining of medullary cells while adrenocortical cells remain negative.
Staining Pattern in Normal Tissues
Manual protocol
Freshly cut sections should be used (less than 10 days between cutting and staining). Heat-induced antigen retrieval for 5 minutes in an autoclave at 121°C in pH 7,8 Target Retrieval Solution buffer. Apply HMV312 at a dilution of 1:150 at 37°C for 60 minutes. Visualization of bound antibody by the EnVision Kit (Dako, Agilent) according to the manufacturer’s directions.
| Brain | Cerebrum, grey | Negative | |
| Cerebrum, white | Negative | ||
| Cerebellum, cortex | Negative | ||
| Cerebellum, white | Negative | ||
| Ganglion | Negative | ||
| Ependyma | Negative | ||
| Eye, retina | Negative | ||
| Endocrine Tissues | Thyroid | Negative | |
| Parathyroid gland | Negative | ||
| Adrenal gland | Strong membranous and cytoplasmic TH staining of medullary cells. Some nerve fibers in the cortex also show distinct TH positivity. | ||
| Pituitary gland, anterior lobe | Negative | ||
| Pituitary gland, posterior lobe | Negative | ||
| Respiratory system | Lung bronchi | Negative | |
| Lung, bronchial glands | Negative | ||
| Nose, paranasal sinus | Negative | ||
| Lung, parenchyma | Negative | ||
| Proximal digestive tract | Lip | Negative | |
| Oral cavity | Negative | ||
| Tonsil, surface | Negative | ||
| Esophagus, mucosa | Negative | ||
| Lip, small salivary gland | Negative | ||
| Sublingual gland | Negative | ||
| Parotid gland | Negative | ||
| Submandibullary gland | Negative | ||
| Gastronintestinal tract | Stomach, antrum | Negative | |
| Stomach, fundus and corpus | Negative | ||
| Small intestine, duodenum | Negative | ||
| Duodenum, Brunner gland | Negative | ||
| Small intestine, ileum | Negative | ||
| Appendix | Distinct TH staining of few nerve fibers in the muscular wall. | ||
| Colon descendens | Negative | ||
| Rectum | Negative | ||
| Anal canal, transition epithelium | Negative | ||
| Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas | Liver | Negative | |
| Gallbladder | Negative | ||
| Pancreas | Negative | ||
| Kidney, urinary bladder | Kidney, cortex | Negative | |
| Kidney, medulla | Negative | ||
| Urinary bladder, urothelium | Negative | ||
| Kidney pelvis, mucosa | Distinct TH staining of few nerve fibers in the muscular wall of the kidney pelvis. | ||
| Male tissues | Prostate | Many nerve fibers exhibit distinct TH positivity. | |
| Seminal vesicle | Negative | ||
| Epididymis caput | Negative | ||
| Epididymis cauda | Negative | ||
| Testis | Negative | ||
| Female Tissues | Breast, glands | Negative | |
| Ectocervix | Negative | ||
| Endocervix | Some nerve fibers exhibit distinct TH positivity. | ||
| Endometrium, proliferation | Negative | ||
| Endometrium, secretion | Negative | ||
| Uterus, myometrium | Negative | ||
| Fallopian tube | Negative | ||
| Ovary, stroma | Some small nerves show distinct TH positivity of nerve fibers. Individual nerve fibers also show TH positivity. | ||
| Ovary, follicular cyst | Negative | ||
| Ovary, corpus luteum | Negative | ||
| Amnion | Distinct cytoplasmic and membranous TH positivity of a small subset of amnion cells. | ||
| Chorion | Negative | ||
| Amnion/Chorion | Negative | ||
| Placenta, early, decidua | Negative | ||
| Placenta, first trimenon | Negative | ||
| Placenta, mature | Negative | ||
| Muscle, connective & soft tissue | Aorta, intima | Negative | |
| Skeletal muscle | Negative | ||
| Aorta, media | Negative | ||
| Skeletal muscle, tongue | Negative | ||
| Heart, left ventricle | Negative | ||
| Kidney pelvis, muscular wall | Negative | ||
| Urinary bladder, muscular wall | Negative | ||
| Esophagus, muscular wall | Negative | ||
| Stomach, muscular wall | Negative | ||
| Ileum, muscular wall | Negative | ||
| Appendix, muscular wall | Negative | ||
| Colon descendens, muscular wall | Negative | ||
| Penis, glans, corpus spongiosum | Negative | ||
| Fat, white | Negative | ||
| Skin | Skin, surface | Negative | |
| Skin (hairs, sebaceous glands) | Negative | ||
| Anal canal, skin | Negative | ||
| Scrotum | Negative | ||
| Bone Marrow & lymphoid tissues | Bone marrow | Negative | |
| Thymus | Negative | ||
| Spleen | Negative | ||
| Lymph node | Negative | ||
| Tonsil, deep | Negative |
Tyrosine Hydroxylase / TH
(HMV312)
Tyrosine Hydroxylase is a Rate limiting enzyme for catecholin synthesis.
Details
More product details
More product details
Biology behind
The enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or tyrosine 3-monooxygenase is coded by the TH gene at 11p15.5. TH catalyzes the rate limiting step in the synthesis of catecholamines which is the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). L-DOPA is a precursor for dopamine, which, in turn, is a precursor for the important neurotransmitters norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline). These catecholamines play important roles in a variety of physiological and behavioral functions in the nervous and endocrine systems. Tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency leads to impaired synthesis of catecholamines and causes a progressive encephalopathy with poor prognosis. TH is also involved in other neurological diseases. For example, cerebral TH activity is significantly reduced in patients with Alzheimer’s disease as compared to healthy individuals. Tyrosine hydroxylase is also an autoantigen in Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome (APS) type I.
Protocol Recommendations
Protocol Recommendations
Potential Research Applications
Potential Research Applications
Evidence For Specificity In I H C
Evidence For Specificity In I H C
